KRAS and lung carcinoma: Activating mutations in the KRAS gene can be found in 35% of all lung cancers and in up to 93% of NSCLC cases in smokers27,28 These mutations drive tumor development and disease progression29–32, as meta-analysis in patients with NSCLC has shown that KRAS mutations are associated with poor prognosis and worse overall survival compared to those without KRAS mutations33,34.