In addition, there were significant associations between interlobar renal VTI and age, heart rate, presence of New York Heart Association (NYHA) class III or IV, AF, hypertension, CKD, anemia, levels of hemoglobin, BNP, creatinine, eGFR, urinary albumin creatinine ratio, urinary NAG, LVEF, LAVI, LVOT-VTI, mitral valve E/e′, RA area, RV area, RV-FAC, TRPG, pulmonary artery pressure, RAP and cardiac index. The gene discussed is NPPB; the disease is atrial fibrillation.