Afroze et al.59 reported that leptin concentrations were significantly higher in G-allele carriers than AA homozygotes of the LEPR 223A/G polymorphism (25.6 ± 1.2 vs. 16.4 ± 2.2 ng/ml, P < 0.001) for patients with systemic lupus erythematosus and apparently not in matched controls in accordance with the higher average leptin concentrations of the patients (23.9 ± 1.95 vs. 14.8 ± 1.04 ng/ml, P < 0.001). This evidence concerns the gene LEP and systemic lupus erythematosus.