The five upstream regulators of these pathways with low p values were TNF, IL1B, IL4, LPS and CD40 (p values of overlap = 6.09E−15 to 1.20E−10), and the major diseases and biological functions were Cardiovascular Disease, Response Inflammatory Disease, Immune Disease, Inflammatory Disease and Respiratory Disease (p values = 7.43E−20 to 1.21E−05)51. Here, TNF is linked to immune system disorder.