SMO and acute myeloid leukemia: Targeting the HH pathway via SMO inhibitors was shown to sensitize resistant cells to cytarabine and doxorubicin.174 Preclinical studies of erismodegib (LDE225) and vismodegib (GDC0449), SMO inhibitors, found that inhibition of SMO improved efficacy of doxorubicin and azacitidine both in vitro and in AML xenograft mouse models.174–176 These SMO inhibitors were further studied in clinical trials (erismodegib: NCT01826214, and vismodegib: NCT01880437), but vismodegib was terminated early due to lack of efficacy and neither agents showed promising results as monotherapies.