Upregulation of GLI1 and other HH proteins has been correlated with chemoresistance in AML and GLI1 expression is related to worse OS in patients.170,171 Subsequent studies have found that inhibition of GLI1 is able to induce cell death and differentiation in leukemic cells, demonstrating the potential for therapeutic success.168,172 Additionally, the maintenance of LSCs has been shown to be dependent on HH signaling and inhibition of SMO pathway can target this population of cells, highlighting the role targeting HH may play in preventing relapse in AML.173. The gene discussed is SMO; the disease is acute myeloid leukemia.