RUNX1 and acute myeloid leukemia: In large population-based studies, 25% of AML cases are considered secondary and these are associated with lower rates of response to therapy and an inferior prognosis compared with de novo AML.4 AML can also be seen in patients with inherited genetic syndromes such as Fanconi’s anemia, Bloom syndrome, Down syndrome, and others.5–7 There has also been an increased interest in the study of inherited predispositions to myeloid malignancies such as those seen with familial mutations of CEBPA, DDX4, and RUNX1. 8