Pathways with p < 0.05 included several previously implicated in cachexia including IL-6 signaling, protein ubiquitination, and mitochondrial dysfunction, along with others less explored in cachexia, including B cell receptor signaling, Th1 and Th2 activation pathway, natural killer cell signaling, Wnt/β- catenin signaling, and PTEN signaling (Figure 8). This evidence concerns the gene PTEN and Cachexia.