In two cell lines derived from MMTV-Wnt mice (E-Wnt and W-Wnt) and the human MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cell line treated with serum collected from mice with diet-induced obesity, leptin induced EMT features such as greater cell migration, invasion, and overexpression of Akt3, Cdh2, Foxc2, Vim, Twist1, and Twist2 in all cell lines [155]. Here, TWIST1 is linked to obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency.