INS and gestational diabetes: In 18 randomized control trials (RCTs) involving 1151 GDM women, modified dietary interventions significantly reduced fasting and postprandial glucose (−4.07 mg/dL, 95% CI −7.58 to −0.57, p = 0.02 and −7.78 mg/dL, 95% CI −12.27 to −3.29, p = 0.0007, respectively) and reduced the need for insulin therapy (RR = 0.65, 95% CI 0.47 to 0.88, p = 0.006).