TARDBP and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: In the case of ALS, while the loss of nuclear TDP-43 function leads to dysmorphic nuclear shape, deregulation of the cell cycle, and apoptosis [112], an overexpression of TDP-43 leads to abnormal mRNA accumulation in the nucleus, cytoplasmic accumulation [113,114], and a lost normal functioning in the nucleus.