TNF and Alzheimer disease: Curcumin exhibits inhibitory effects on neuroinflammation in p25 overexpressing transgenic mice, which undergo neurodegenerative changes and vigorous neuroinflammation by downregulating pro-inflammatory cytokine expression (macrophage inflammatory protein-1α (MIP-1α), TNF-α, and IL-1β) and attenuating AD-like neuropathology [98].