TPM1 and renal carcinoma: 2017). In renal cell carcinoma, TPM1 overexpression was found to inhibit cell proliferation and induce apoptosis in renal cancer cells (Wang et al. 2015, 2019; Tang et al. 2018). By targeting TPM1, downregulation of miR-21–5p inhibited human aortic vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation and migration (Jia et al. 2019).