FOS and breast cancer: Using pharmacological inhibition and gene-silencing approaches, studies by Pupo et al. (32) document that BPA induces in SkBr-3 breast cancer cells the expression of the GPER-target genes c-FOS, early-growth response protein 1 (EGR-1), and connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) through the GPER/EGFR/ERK signal transduction pathway.