Previous studies with the KYNA analog revealed a more pronounced anti-inflammatory response in animal models of colitis and neuro-inflammation than that seen with KYNA (10, 16, 42), but both KYNA and SZR-72 reduced oxidative/nitrosative stress marker levels [XOR, nitric oxide synthase (NOS), and myeloperoxidase (MPO) activities] (10) and attenuated glutamate expression (42). Here, XDH is linked to colitis.