Shang et al. (2015) found that HuR promotes the progression of diabetic nephropathy and regulates NADPH oxidase, by regulating the mRNA of NOD2. Zhang and Bowden (2008) found that HuR upregulation promotes non-melanoma skin cancer under UVB by maintaining the stability of COX-2 mRNA. On the other hand, Liu L. et al. (2017) found that HuR upregulation enhances the early recovery of the intestinal epithelium after acute injury via increasing the translation of Cdc42. This evidence concerns the gene NOD2 and non-melanoma skin carcinoma.