Indeed, O-GlcNAcylation is associated with an increasing number of pathological states, such as type II diabetes mellitus, diabetic complications (Vaidyanathan and Wells, 2014; Peterson and Hart, 2016), insulin resistance (Wells et al., 2003a), cancer (Stowell et al., 2015), and neurodegeneration (Lagerlof and Hart, 2014; Banerjee et al., 2016; Hart, 2019). Here, INS is linked to type 2 diabetes mellitus.