Further investigations with more advanced detection technology and larger patient cohorts would help design clinical trials to answer the questions such as whether circ-ARs would enhance the capability of PSA and P2PSA to more accurately identify PCa before needle biopsies; whether circARs are correlated with Gleason scores and predict the patient outcome; or whether circ-ARs predict tumor recurrence after prostatectomy and therapy resistance to AR pathway inhibitors. The gene discussed is AR; the disease is posterior cortical atrophy.