IDO1 and cancer: The expression of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO1) and tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase (TDO), two main enzymes contributing in tryptophan degradation, has been linked to various cancers such as melanoma, colon cancer, gynecological malignancies, lung cancer, gliomas, and bladder cancer (Théate et al., 2015; Amobi et al., 2017; Platten et al., 2019).