IGF1R and pancreatic neoplasm: In another study, despite in vivo observations revealing the ability of IGF/IGF-IR signaling to induce drug resistance and influence the ability to form metastasis via the induction of EMT in pancreatic cancer, the activation of this signaling pathway by stromal cells failed to induce EMT in cultures with MiaPaCa-2, AsPC-1, Capan-2, BxPC-3, and Panc1 pancreatic cancer cell lines (Kopantzev et al., 2019), suggesting a key role for tumor microenvironment for the pro-tumorigenic effects of this MSC-activated signaling pathway.