TNF and infection: Infection of T. gondii elicits the production of interferon gamma (IFN-γ), tumor necrosis factor (TNF), interleukin 10 (IL-10), IL-12, and several cytokine receptors (Gazzinelli et al., 1996; He et al., 2016), while reduces production of nitric oxide (Rozenfeld et al., 2005).