TLR2 and neoplasm: Activate selected toll-like receptors (TLR) in monocytic cells to generate a tolerogenic immune program, TLR2 and TLR5 ligation was demonstrated to induce innate and adaptive immune suppression to promote PDA (Pushalkar et al., 2018); the activation of the mannose-binding lectin–C3 cascade through the C3 complement pathway might cause inflammation induced by the oncogenic Kras, leading to fungal dysbiosis and promoting tumor progression (Aykut et al., 2019).