HBV-induced HCC can be both cirrhotic and non-cirrhotic and involves an array of processes such as proliferation and loss of growth control (caused by p53 inactivation), sustained cycles of necrosis and regeneration (resultant of inflammation), and activation of various oncogenic pathways such PI3K/Akt/STAT3 pathway and Wnt/β-catenin (induction of oxidative stress), all of which leads to genomic instability (26, 27). The gene discussed is TP53; the disease is hepatocellular carcinoma.