CXCL9 and neoplasm: Tumor-derived chemokines were suggested as another tumor-intrinsic mechanism to modulate the TME: epigenetic silencing of CXCL9/10 was shown to mediate T cell exclusion in mouse ovarian cancer model; and secretion of CXCL1 was reported to recruit myeloid cells and deplete T cells in mouse pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) model (Peng et al., 2015; Li J. et al., 2018).