Notably, in vitro analyses revealed that HIV-1 exposure of DC subsets, which comprise an important source of cytokine production during the acute phase of HIV-1 infection, did not elicit TGF-β superfamily cytokine release, providing a putative explanation for the lack of a profound systemic upregulation of these cytokines during the innate cytokine “storm” in acute HIV-1 infection. This evidence concerns the gene TGFB1 and HIV-1 infection.