Inadequate regulation of the TLR4 signaling contributes to the pathogenesis of a number of acute and chronic inflammatory as well as autoimmune diseases such as allergy, arthritis (7–9), asthma (10–12), cardiovascular disorders (13), Alzheimer disease-associated pathology (14) and systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) and septic shock (15, 16). The gene discussed is TLR4; the disease is systemic inflammatory response syndrome.