CD4 and neoplasm: As expanded human iNKT cells can be used as adoptive cell therapy to modulate adaptive immune cells to enhance anti-tumor immunity or immune-regulation (12, 13), it may be critical to obtaining a homogeneous population of iNKT cells that is optimized for either effector function (Th-1 polarized CD4- iNKT cells) or regulatory function (Th-2 polarized CD4+ iNKT cells) in high purity with a clinically meaningful number.