Moreover, the rise in the count of PB effector/memory CD8+ T cells re-expressing CD45RA (TEMRA) and secreting high levels of cytotoxic molecules and proinflammatory cytokines (IFN-γ and TNF-α) speaks in favor of an active CD8+ T-cell response in MS (159). The gene discussed is TNF; the disease is myeloid sarcoma.