CD8A and diabetes mellitus: In diabetes glyco-lipotoxicity and oxidative stress increase the products of intermediate metabolism and danger-associated molecular patterns (DAMPS) which hyperactivate NLRP3 inflammasome of the macrophages which, in turn hyperactivate further the innate and acquired immunity, leading to a dysregulated immune response, a delay in INF-γ response, a prolonged hyperinflammatory state, and lower CD4+ and CD8+ numbers (31, 63).