The key hallmarks of cancer that grouped the highest number of genes were invasion and metastasis, promoted by EGFR, ERBB2, ERBB3, MAPK1, MTOR, RAC1, SMAD3, TCF7L2, and TGFBR2; escaping cell death, promoted by EGFR, ERBB2, ERBB3, ERBB4, JAK2, MTOR, and TCF7L2. Additionally, TP53 followed by PTEN, EGFR, and RAC1 were genes enriched in hallmarks of cancer (Supplementary Table 5). Here, PTEN is linked to cancer.