SPP1 and breast cancer: The top significantly upregulated genes in EC were SLPI, LCN2, SPP1, UCP2, APOC1; in OC were SLPI, LCN2, UCP2, CHI3L1, SPP1; in BC were MMP9, ESR1, CDC6, SPP1, and HSD17B6. In contrast the top down regulated genes in EC were TGFBR3, GATA6, WT1, ZBTB16, SORBS1; in OC were ZBTB16, AMHR2, INHA, GATA4, STAR; in BC were AQP7, RBP4, ADIPOQ, PLIN1, and FABP4 (Figure 5A).