The prominent role of IL-1β in atherosclerosis is evidenced by the results of IL-1β gene ablation in ApoE–/– mice (Kirii et al., 2003) and by neutralizing antibody therapy against IL-1β that decreased the rate of recurrent cardiovascular events, as shown in the CANTOS study (Ridker et al., 2017). The gene discussed is APOE; the disease is atherosclerosis.