TNF and neoplasm: In models of cancer cachexia, e.g., mice or rats with methylcholanthrene-induced sarcoma (MCG-101) or in LLC tumor bearing mice, skeletal muscle wasting was alleviated through the blockade of the apex pro-inflammatory cytokine TNF-α through administration of anti-TNF antibodies (Sherry et al., 1989; Torelli et al., 1999).