Its potential relevance to cancer cachexia is suggested by increased serum levels of S100B and HMGB1 in the serum of cancer patients (Miyamoto et al., 2016; Chiappalupi et al., 2020), and highlighted by the observation that LLC-bearing RAGE/KO mice displayed delayed body and muscle weight loss, reduced Atrogin-1 and MuRF1 expression levels, and prolonged survival time compared to WT mice. The gene discussed is HMGB1; the disease is cancer.