In dogs, which were subjected to rapid atrial pacing for 7 h to induce AF, protein expression of SK4 expression from right and left atriums was increased compared with non-paced dogs, confirming the consistent reported proarrhythmic potential role of SK4 (Haron-Khun et al., 2017; Buljubasic et al., 2020). This evidence concerns the gene KCNN4 and atrial fibrillation.