TLR4 and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease: Da-Huang-Ze-Xie decoction has been shown to alleviate HFD-induced NAFLD model rats through altering the numbers of Desulfovibrio, Escherichia/Shigella, Bacteroides, Oscillibacter and Butyricicoccus in gut, improving gut permeability and inhibiting the activation of the Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) signaling pathway in liver (Jing et al., 2017).