Regarding TLR1 rs4833095, the CC genotype and C allele are known to be associated with increased risk of Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis (Bank et al., 2014), and increased risk of Helicobacter pylori infection in Chinese (Yang et al., 2013) and Thai populations, with worse mucosal inflammation and altered morphology after infection in the latter (Tongtawee et al., 2016). Here, TLR1 is linked to infection.