LEP and obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency: Table 1 contains general characteristics (age, depressive symptoms, information about passive smoking), metabolic health parameters (BMI, WHR, body fat percentage) and hormonal parameters (plasma insulin, glucose and leptin, HOMA-IR score). BDI scores indicated no or only mild depressive symptoms in all subjects (mean = 3.01, SD = 3.35, range: 0–13), however, participants with obesity had significantly more depressive symptoms than participants with normal weight.