Importantly, GSK-3β is one of the upstream tau kinases, which involved in the formation of tau phosphorylation and neurofibrillary tangles in AD, and it is also the key to a variety of neuronal survival signals to interfere with neuronal apoptosis (Yang et al., 2018b; Chang et al., 2019; Shi et al., 2019). This evidence concerns the gene MAPT and Alzheimer disease.