Cancers fell into two categories (with little heterogeneity within a case): (i) essentially negative or very weak cytoplasmic DDX21 (examples of an early stage and a late stage cancer in Fig. 2d,e,h,i, respectively) or (ii) strong (predominantly nuclear) staining for DDX21 (examples of an early stage and a late stage cancer in Fig. 2f,g,j,k, respectively). This evidence concerns the gene DDX21 and cancer.