Chae et al., noted that the 19 most common mutated DNA repair genes in breast, lung, liver, intestinal, and skin cancers were the direct DNA repair genes ATM, ATR, BRCA1, BRCA2, FANCA, FANCD2, MLH1, MSH2, MSH6, PALB2, POLD1, POLE, PRKDC, and RAD50 and the caretaker genes BAP1, CDK12, MLL3, TP53, and BLM12. This evidence concerns the gene ATM and skin neoplasm.