Furthermore, CDDO-Me and its analog RTA408 were found to decrease expression of MMP-9 in various models, including tumor necrosis factor α- (TNF-α-), receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand- (RANKL-) and interleukin 1β- (IL-1β)-stimulated chronic myelogenous leukemia KBM-5 cells, RAW264.7 macrophages and rat brain astrocytes [72,95,96], respectively, as well as primary mammary tumor cells, isolated from polyoma middle T mice [97], which is consistent with revealed ability of SM to inhibit expression of MMP-9 in metastatic foci in lungs of B16 melanoma-bearing mice (Figure 8E). This evidence concerns the gene TNF and melanoma.