Since melanoma is often characterized by mutations in B-Raf Proto-Oncogene, Serine/Threonine Kinase (BRAF)and NRAS Proto-Oncogene (NRAS), causing a hyper-activation of the BRAF–MEK–ERK pathway leading to the proliferation and survival of cancer cells, small molecules targeting this pathway were developed. The gene discussed is NRAS; the disease is cancer.