When small interfering RNA (siRNA) against EIF5A or mice with specific deletion of Dhps in pancreatic islet β cells were used, it was shown that hypusinated EIF5A leads to the development of glucose intolerance in inflammatory mouse models of diabetes, notably by supporting NOS2 translation (Levasseur et al., 2019; Maier et al., 2010). This evidence concerns the gene EIF5A and diabetes mellitus.