INS and diabetes mellitus: Encouragingly, increases in TIR have been shown to associate with lower rates of diabetes complications and lower HbA1c,27–29 with clinically significant benefits seen with each 5% increase in TIR.27 Results of this study concur with a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials showing a 12.59% increase in TIR with the use of HCL systems compared with other continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion systems30 as well as other studies of adults and children who achieved greater TIR using HCL systems.3–5,31–33