*9 Diagnosis of ‘definite PNS’ according to Graus et al. [7] can be made in clinical constellations of AE where [1] the classical PNS and cancer develop within five years of the PNS diagnosis or [9] the neurological syndrome is associated with well-characterised onconeural antibodies (anti-Hu, Yo, CV2, Ri, Ma2 or amphiphysin), even in the absence of cancer. The gene discussed is PNMA2; the disease is paraneoplastic neurologic syndrome.