Previous studies show that mRNA of proinflammatory cytokines interleukin-1 alpha (IL1A), IL1B, IL6, and TNF and expression of chemokines IL8 and CXCL5 increased in endometrial epithelial cells during the estrous cycle and subclinical or clinical endometritis (45, 46). Here, CXCL5 is linked to endometritis.