TLR3 and cardiac hypertrophy: On this basis, further studies demonstrated that activation of TRIF signaling releases type I IFNs that are responsible for Ang II-induced hypertension and cardiac hypertrophy, whereas the TLR3-mediated TRIF signaling not only induces hypertension but also cardiac hypertrophy in response to Ang II infusion, but the TLR4/TRIF pathway is only required for cardiac hypertrophy (98).