During cardiac hypertrophy, the cardiac tissue undergoes recruitment and infiltration of macrophages, a phenomenon that can be attributed to activation of TLR4 signaling, and the degree of infiltration of monocytes/macrophages and cytokine expression in macrophages are correlated with cardiac hypertrophy (28, 32, 46, 99, 103). This evidence concerns the gene TLR4 and cardiac hypertrophy.