TNF and cancer: High plasmacytoid dendritic cells could promote the expression of CXCR4 by TNF-α/NF-κB pathway (Gadalla et al., 2019), and blocking CXCR4 could effectively inhibit cancer progression and enhanced the curative effect of immune checkpoint blockers by up-regulating Treg cells infiltration (Chen I. X. et al., 2019).