In summary, this study demonstrates for the first time that the ESCs can reverse the premature and replicative senescence of RPE cells by a direct coculture way, which may be achieved by upregulating the TGFβ and PI3K pathways, respectively, providing a new option for stem cell-based therapy of AMD and for anti-aging treatment via a young environment in the future. This evidence concerns the gene TGFB1 and age-related macular degeneration.