Advances in understanding the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) pathway of molecular signaling have allowed targeting this pathway with kinase inhibitors or immunotherapy approaches (e.g., bevacizumab); these anti-VEGF therapies have led to significant increases in progression-free survival (PFS) for a number of VEGF-rich forms of cancer, including ovarian cancer (43–45). The gene discussed is VEGFA; the disease is ovarian carcinoma.