INS and cancer: Chromium is an essential element that potentiates insulin action and enhances carbohydrate, lipid and protein metabolism at a maximum intake level of 0.25 mg/day, equivalent to 0.0041 mg/kg body weight per day for an average adult of 60.7 kg.40, 41 However, exceeding this limit leads to bioaccumulation and toxicity that can result in hepatitis and ulcers.1 It is also assumed to cause cancer.42 The findings of this study indicate that Cr concentration measured in periwinkle was lower than the WHO and European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) safe limits.