PCA3 and posterior cortical atrophy: In the past decade, various mathematical methods using combination of omics biomarkers (Halabi et al., 2003; Gaudreau et al., 2016), including non-coding RNAs, PCA3, TMPRSS2:ERG (Nilsson et al., 2009) were developed to improve PCa diagnosis (Wang et al., 2017; Guo et al., 2018), define the grade (Arvaniti et al., 2018), define the risk (Paulo et al., 2018) and predict survival time (Zupan et al., 2000).