NPPB and heart failure: Brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) and its non-active prohormone N-terminal pro-BNP (NT-proBNP) are the gold-standard circulating biomarkers (CBM) for heart failure (HF) [1], and are already included in current guidelines with Class I recommendation for diagnostic and prognostic purposes, as well as with Class II standing for assessing the risk of patient re-hospitalization, or for screening to prevent HF onset [2].